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Tobruk: A second siege? (Patreon)

Published:
2021-06-16 17:25:08
Imported:
2023-06

Content

Two convoys head from opposite ends of the Mediterranean to supply Malta, hoping to run interference for each other, and the Battle of Sevastopol continues as the Axis slowly wear down the Soviet defenders, but the big news is Erwin Rommel's continued advances in North Africa, defeating the 8th Army again and again. Can the Allies hold Tobruk? Will they even try? Watch and find out.

Files

147 - Tobruk: A second siege? - WW2 - June 20, 1942

Two convoys head from opposite ends of the Mediterranean to supply Malta, hoping to run interference for each other, and the Battle of Sevastopol continues as the Axis slowly wear down the Soviet defenders, but the big news is Erwin Rommel's continued advances in North Africa, defeating the 8th Army again and again. Can the Allies hold Tobruk? Will they even try? Watch and find out. Join us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/TimeGhostHistory Or join The TimeGhost Army directly at: https://timeghost.tv Check out our TimeGhost History YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/timeghost?sub_confirmation=1 Follow WW2 day by day on Instagram @ww2_day_by_day -https://www.instagram.com/ww2_day_by_day/ Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TimeGhostHistory/ Between 2 Wars: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrG5J-K5AYAU1R-HeWSfY2D1jy_sEssNG Source list: http://bit.ly/WW2sources Written and Hosted by: Indy Neidell Director: Astrid Deinhard Producers: Astrid Deinhard and Spartacus Olsson Executive Producers: Astrid Deinhard, Indy Neidell, Spartacus Olsson, Bodo Rittenauer Creative Producer: Maria Kyhle Post-Production Director: Wieke Kapteijns Research by: Indy Neidell Edited by: Miki Cackowski Sound design: Marek Kamiński Map animations: Eastory (https://www.youtube.com/c/eastory) and Daniel Weiss Colorizations by: Norman Stewart - https://oldtimesincolor.blogspot.com/ Adrien Fillon - https://www.instagram.com/adrien.colorisation Spartacus Olsson Julius Jääskeläinen - https://www.facebook.com/JJcolorization/ Election1960 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AlbertKesselringColor.png Sources: IWM A 7840, A 7736, E 4350, E 12083, E 3753E, CM 2448, E 1531 from the Noun Project: Aircraft Carrier by Luke Anthony Firth, Oil by TTHNga, can by ghufronagustian Soundtracks from the Epidemic Sound: Reynard Seidel - Deflection Skrya - First Responders Fabien Tell - Weapon of Choice Fluow - A Far Cry Fabien Tell - Last Point of Safe Return Johannes Bornlof - Last Man Standing 3 Rannar Sillard - March Of The Brave 10 Fabien - Tell - Break Free Johan Hynynen - Dark Beginning Johannes Bornlof - The Inspector 4 Johannes Bornlof - Deviation In Time Archive by Screenocean/Reuters https://www.screenocean.com. A TimeGhost chronological documentary produced by OnLion Entertainment GmbH.

Comments

Anonymous

Good video as usual. The Battle of Tobruk had the second largest surrender of British forces during the war, just behind the Battle of Singapore in February 1942.

Anonymous

Claude Auchinleck: "Oh yeah. Leave it to Richie to turn a perfect army with lots of our tanks into a depressing carnival show of total unprofessionalism."

Anonymous

Surely Monty is not far away!

Anonymous

After fall of Tobruk , Soviet ambassador in London , Ivam Maisky suggested Churchill to shoot some generals. Churchill's reply : "I wish I could !"

Anonymous

Wait, even these videos become available early? But it's not even June 20th. Weird.

Anonymous

My friend Phil wrote a thesis on the Battle of Gazala for his Military History degree. He tried to interview Richie who was very old by that point and was told to bugger off. If only Richie had been as decisive and spirited when it counted.

Anonymous
>>61992263

The weekly episode videos has always normally been made a few days early for Patreon / TimeGhost Army ever since almost of the start of the channel actually. Others such as the War Against Humanity subseries started having the same thing a few months back too.

Anonymous

I recently did a ranking of 51 German Generals from WWII. Rommel was the second best.

Anonymous
>>62012136

Rommel ls lucky to be in the top 5 Uncle Adolf fired his best top 8 so that makes Rommel not even in the top 13. When he faced good Gen he lost badly.

Anonymous
>>62012136

Ill post the list if you want. I was inspired by Epic History Tv's ranking of Napoleons Marshals. I am going to write up Bio's on them all.

Anonymous
>>62012136

This is what I have so far. For the record I have no love for any of their ideologies and am just writing down this list. I will do a lot more. Tell me what you think German generals ranked Erich von Manstien Erich von Manstien was born on November 24, 1887 in Berlin to General Edourd von Lewinski and His wife but adopted by mothers childless sister and Grew up as an aristocrat with family service in the military. Joined the army in 1900 and served in the cadet corps in Plön and Gros-Lichtenfeld. In 1906 he was commissioned into the Third foot guard regiment as an ensign and In January 1907 he was promoted to lieutenant. Starting October 1913 he began the three year officers training program at the Prussian Military academy , However in August 1914 he had to report for active service as the great war broke out and was promoted to first lieutenant and was assigned to the 2nd guard reserve infantry and during August 1914 he served in Belgium and with his unit he Captured Namur. His unit was transferred to east prussia in September 1914 as part of the eight army and saw combat at The Battle of Masurian lakes. In October he was transferred to the Ninth army and it was advancing on Silesia but During the 9th army retreat he was shot in the left shoulder and knee while storming a russian position on November 16th. Manstein went on leave for six months to recover, but was back on June 17th 1915 and was made a staff officer for the tenth army under General von Gallwitz. He was quickly promoted under this position to captain and helped plan offensive with the 10th army he was in the eastern front and the balkans. With the new offensive in the West In 1916, the tenth army was moved to france to fight at verdun where he became a staff officer and stayed on the western front Until 1917 when he became chief of staff to the 4th cavalry division and stationed at riga, but transferred back to the western front after the treaty of brest litovsk. His new unit he commanded was the 213th infantry at reims and his unit saw major success in comparison to other nearby units, but was forced to retreat after the armistice was signed. During the interwar years He stayed on with the army after the war and was stationed in Breslau in 1919. In 1920, Manstien met and Married his wife Jutta Sibylle von Loesch , the daughter of a wealthy Silesian landowner. During the 20’s and 30’s He was a figure who helped restructure the army into the reichswehr and eventually the wehrmacht. He was Promoted to GeneralMajor in 1936. With the outbreak of WWII he Was chief of staff to Gerd von Rundstedts army during the invasion of Poland. During the fall of 1939 and January of 1940, he repeatedly pushed high command for a strategy called sickle cut in the west that would involve an attack through the ardennes while distracting the french further north in belgium. Halder, Riechenau and Brautsisch were all against this idea, so they tried to get him out of the way by promoting him to corp commander in stettin, but it was tradition for a corp commander to meet Hitler upon promotoin.Here Hitler heard of his sickle cut plan and it was a refined version of Hitlers own ideas and Hitler had Manstein's put in place and he back at the western front planning, much to OKH dismay. However his plan worked masterfully and due to his strategy Belgium collapsed and the french army was pushed into disarray and the british evacuated dunkirk. For this amazing strategy Manstien was made a full general. After the collapse of France, Manstien was brought to command an invasion fleet during Operation Sealion, but after its cancellation Manstien became idle, splitting time between the occupation force and the homefront, left out of the front in North africa and the Balkans and even planning of Barbarossa. However, for Operation Barbarossa itself Manstien was recalled to serve under Wilhelm von Leebs army group north for Barbarrossa, only arriving at the front 6 days before the start of Barbarossa. Manstien commanded the LVI panzer corps under Erich Hoepners 4th Panzer group. Manstiens corp advanced and advanced rapidly through the baltics taking the bridges over the dvina river and winning the battle of Raseiniai, a massive tank battle where he destroyed a larger soviet tank unit. He rapidly pushed into Latvia and was assigned to take Luga. However he had a major setback at Soltsy, one of Barbarrosa’s biggest setbacks before Yelnya. Soltsy happened when Nikolai Vatutin managed to encircle Manstein's forward unit. Though they managed to escape encirclement, although the Germans were mauled. He was briefly sent on anti-partisan operations in the summer (where numerous war crimes were committed against soviet citizens and local jewish communities, this wouldn't be Manstein's last atrocities of the war). However he was soon brought back and successfully took Luga and then Staraya Russa and caused a major soviet defeat, although he missed the opportunity to take Dno. In September 1941, Manstien was transferred south and ordered to take the crimea and the soviet port city of sevastopol. Though the crimean peninsula quickly fell in 1941 to Manstiens advancing units, and the economic aspects of the Crimea were a major priority to Hitler, high command made the Crimea a lesser priority. This allowed Sevastopol to hold out under siege and the soviets made a counterattack on the kerch peninsula. If defeated, the Germans would have had to retreat from Crimea, which would have allowed bombers to attack the oil fields in Romania. However, between Soviet incompetence under Lev Meklhis and the genius commanding of Manstein the larger soviet army was repelled and after that Sevastopal -- the mightest fortress on earth --fell. For these amazing achievements against the odds, Manstien was awarded his field marshal's baton. However, atrocities in the Crimea were many with soviets murdering Crimean Tatars and the Germans, the extermination of the local jews in the area, along with war crimes against russian civilians and POWs. Though Manstein later blamed the SS and Gestapo, claiming the wehrmacht was clean much of the atrocities were committed under Manstien. Manstien was deeply anti-semetic believing in some of the worst antisemetic trobes and he probably had no problem with the murders if not being happy about the atrocities, such as the massacre of Jews in Sevastopal, making him one of the worst criminals of the war (despite reports of him having partial jewish ancestry and having family in Würzburg that was openly Jewish). Following the success in Crimea, high command believed Manstien would be best for Leningrad, replacing Georg von Kuchler. Manstien created an ingenious plan to take the supply depots of the city to destroy the garrison but this plan was cancelled after the Soviets launched a counter offensive which Manstein crushed once again asserting tactical dominance. Given more time a plan by Manstein would have likely taken the city, if he wasn't transferred south as the Stalingrad debacle unfolded. Manstien was relocated to the southern front to help relieve Stalingrad, this mission became personal as Manstein lost his son in stalingrad. Manstien to relieve the besieged city put together a massive force to breakthrough soviet lines and breakout Palaus’s army. This Operation - Winter storm gained ground it would have broken through to Paulus if it wasnt for Hitler and Goring Interfering. Ultimately Winter storm failed and Stalingrad fell. Mantien ordered a retreat and successfully carried it out. Manstien was then put in charge of army group south. Army group south was now forced to retreat from the caucuses, with most units successfully escaping do to Manstiens commanding, although Hitler’s incompetence destroyed numerous that he was forced to stay in the caucuses and were destroyed by the Red army. Manstiens orderley retreat probably saved numerous divisions. The First major defeat was when Rostov fell during operation saturn. However Manstien held onto Kharkov during Operation Kutuzov (the third battle of kharkov) or Manstein's miracle. This was the greatest success of Manstein's career, defeating a large soviet force against the odds with a much smaller force and keeping the city. Though he still had the situation together, things were increasingly negative as the Soviets pushed deeper into german held territory. Manstien successfully pushed forward in operation citadel, although progress was slow and the overall offensive was going nowhere and the Sicily landing happened and kursk was called off. Then the soviets began the push to the dniper and Manstien, who pulled back in a tactical retreat was recalled being replaced by Walter Model he never held command again. He retired to his estate, but was put under suspicion at points after meeting with the July 20th conspirators. After the war Manstein was convicted of war crimes , but released. He created the myth of the wehrmacht being clean that still continues to today. After the war Manstien served as a nato adviser from west germany until his death in 1956. Manstien, the Conqueror of crimea, The hero of Kharkov and the designer of victory in the west was arguably the best German field marshal. He was both an amazing strategic and tactical commander and was by far the best of all the german field marshals. Though he crimes can not be forgotten or forgiven, he was the best of the best. Erwin Rommel Born on November 15th, 1891 in Heidenheim, near Ulm in the state of Wurttemberg in the new German empire. From an upper middle class family, Rommel the son of Erwin Rommel Sr. His father had been an artillery officer and his maternal grandfather Karl von Luz was a prominent politician. At 18 rommel Joined the 124th Wurtenberger infantry regiment in the German army as an ensign and then studied at the Officer Cadet school in Danzig, graduating in November 1911 and in January 1912, he was commissioned in 124th stationed at Weingart as Lieutenant. While in Danzig, Romnel met his future wife Lucie or lu. Rommel was moved 46th field artillery Regiment as battery commander in March 1914, only to be moved back to the 124th when war broke out. Rommel's Division was first deployed to the western front. He first saw combat near Verdun on August 14th, 1914, opening fire on a French unit in a minor skirmish. This would be the baptism for fire for the desert fox. Throughout the fall of 1914 and the winter of 1915 his unit would continue to fight In France with good results resulting in him earning an iron cross. Rommel began to develop tactics in the trenches of “tactics of penetrating enemy lines with heavy covering fire coupled with rapid advances, as well as moving forward rapidly to a flanking position to arrive at the rear of hostile positions, to achieve tactical surprise” to quote Lewin. Soon promoted to first lieutenant, Rommel was transferred to Royal Wurttemberg Mountain Battalion of the Alpenkorp as company commander, but before shipping off to Romania In November of 1916 he married Lu in Danzig. After his marriage he was shipped off to Romania, where he fought with great courage and led an extremely successful unit at the Jui valley in November 1916 and again at Oituz in August 1917, leading his division to victory in Uphill fighting over two weeks up Mount Cosna. Moved to Italy in September, Rommel saw action in Caporetto and then was ordered to take several mountains on the Isonzo front. He with less men took Kolovrat, Matajur and Stol. In two days with few men uphill Rommels battalion (150 men) Captured all three peaks and took 9,500 Italian prisoners. This was achieved through infiltatoin infantry tactic which Rommel would latter describe ‘Blitzkrieg without Tanks’. Employing the same tactic who would attack Longarone with only a few houndred men a few days later and took the Italian First Infantry divisoin 10,000 Italian prisoners. For this Rommel was promoted to captain and awarded the Pour le merite, the highest war honour of the german empire. For the rest of the war Rommel would serve as a staff officer to a corp in wurttemberg. After the war, Rommel stayed with the 124th and was involved in quelling rioting all over Southern germany, successfully doing so near Lake constance, in wurtenburg and bade . Though he bought into the “stab in the back myth”, he did not blame the jews like others instead blaming politicians. In october 1920 he was appointed company commander of the 13th infantry regiment in Stuttgart, a post he held for nine years. In 1929 he was moved to Dresden as an instructor at the Military school there and promoted to Major. In Dresden, he gained the reputation as a fantastic instructor and wrote a manual on infantry training published. In october 1933, Rommel was promoted to oberst lt (lt colonel) and given new commands of the 3rd Jager Battalion in Goslar. While in Goslar, Rommel first met Hitler who was inspecting his troops.In September 1935, Rommel was moved to the Potsdam academy and promoted to Oberst. In goslar, Rommel first came into conflict with the Nazi state apparaturatus frequently fighting with them. Walter Model Walter Model was born to Albert Kesslering hh Gerd von Rundstedt Gerd von Rundstedt was born on December 12th 1875, in the newly created German empire in Aschersleben north of Halle.He came from a long lineage of aristocratic military dating back at least to the time of Fredrick the Great, his father being cavalry officer Konrad von Rundstedt with his lineage tracing back to a noble family in the 1200’s, though they held no title and were short on cash. Despite the family lacking, the family managed to send Rundstedt to a proper military school at the college of Diez. However when Rundstedt attempted to join the cavalry he was turned down after failing to pay the fee to join and he Fedor von Bock Heinz Guderian Karl Donitz Gotthard Henrici Gunther von Kluge Ewald von Kliest WIlhelm List WIlhiem von Leeb Hermann Balck\ Erwin von Witzleben Erwin von Witzleben was born in Breslau on December 4th 1881 to captain George von Witzleben, a german officer dismissed after touting roumers that the Kaiser was homosexual after the Eulenhberg affair. Speaking negatively about higher officers and leaders must have been a WItzleben trait, which we will hear about later. Erich Raeder Walther von Brauschitz\ Helmutt Wilberg Herman hoth Erich hoepner Maximilian von Weichs Edourd Dietl Hans-Valentin Hube Fredrick Frisius Sepp Dietrich Helmut salmuth Hermann hoth Erhard Milch Walter von Reichenau Nikolaus von Falkenhorst Wolfram von Riechstoffen Hugo Sperle Eberhard von Mackensen Georg von Kuchler Felix Stiener Ferdinand Schroner Otto CIliax Conrad Albrecht Ernst Busch Werner von Fritsch Hermann Goring Edourd Wagner WIlhiem Keitel Hans Georg von linderman Werner von Blomberg Robert Ritter von Greim ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Gerhard von Schwerim Gerhard von Schwerin was born ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alfred Jodl Fredrich Palaus M ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Franz Halder *Note my personal opinion on Franz Halder is that he was a fraud, an idiot and a disgusting war criminal. I will try to keep this as neutral as possible, but take this with a grain of salt. Franz Halder was born in Wurzburg to an army officer and his wife in June of 1884. In 1902 Halder joined his fathers artillery regement and went to the Bavarian war college graduating in 1914. With the outbreak of the great war, Halder served as a young officer in different staff roles. Halder served in this capacity quite efficiently and was awarded an iron cross first class. After the end of World war one, Halder was kept on with the new Riechswhere as chief of staff to various units. Later in the 20’s he served as a military instructor under Walther von Brautisch. In 1931, Halder was made the chief of staff to a Bavarian military distict. In 1934, he was promoted to generalmajor (Major general) and given the command of the 7th infantry division in Munich. After the rise of Adolf Hitler, the deeply antisemetic Halder, found great admiration for the Nazis and Hitler. Halder quickly rose through the rank of the new Wehrmacht first as director of training, then as general staff of the wermacht for training, being appointed General of the artillery in 1937. In 1937, Halder first met Hiter beginning a long a complicated relationship. In 1938, Ludwig Beck who detested Hitler and the Nazi’s resigned as chief of staff of OKH after the Sudetenland crisis broke out and Halder replaced him. Halder was a big part of the planning for the inavasoin of Czecoslovakia, although the Munich agreements prevented this war. It was around this time that Halder was first approached by a cabal of anti-hitler army officers to plan a coup if war broke out, Halder rejected the offer, but never reported the plotters, something that will come back to haunt him. Halder was again a main participant in the strategic planning for the Invasion of Poland, although non of the plan was his idea. The one notable thing about Halder during this period was the encouragement of the Eizenstattgruppen to carry out crimes against humanity in Poland, for the most part to the horror of the Wermacht commander. Anyone of any significance in Poland - Landowners, Teachers, professors, Intelectualls, Intelegencia, Catholic clergy, First world war veterns, musicians, artists, writters, philosophers, army officers and anyone else of importants was liquidated. Additionally Halder was more than enthusiastic about the murders of Jewish civilians in occupied poland. With Operatoin Weserbung and the western campaign being planned, Halder became an instumental part of the planning of the Operatoin along with Walther von Brauschitch and others. During a November 3rd meeting, von Brauschitch and Halder confronted Hitler with their thoughts that an invasoin of France would lead to doom only for Hitler to berate and badger them for minutes about their questioning of the plan and their incompetence. This led to them getting once again involved with the cabal led by Karl Geordler and Ludwig Beck to overthrow Hitler, but Halder decided against the plan. Halder continued his involvement with the plans, generally micromanaging local commander to attempt to create an uncreative plan not adapted to modern warfare, only for Hitler to order it revised using Manstiens plan. After the success of the Manstien plan and the collapse of the western allies, Halder was promoted for his planning to Oberstgeneral (colonel general), the second highest rank with all the privileges of Field marshall, just without the batton. Halder now part of the top brass beacume greedy definitely enjoying his state salary. Halder was involved in the planning of Operatoin Sealion, the planned invasion of Britian, but Halder frequently came into conflict with Erich Raeder, the head of the navy, Erhard Milch and Hermann Goering the heads of the luftwaffe and other army commanders. This infighting was part of the problem that extended the planning time and hindered the Operatoin, a major component of why the Operatoin never went through (along with others). Around this time Halder was also involved with the planning of Operatoin Felix the planned invasion of Gibraltar through Spain and the potential taking of Madiera and other Portugese atlantic islands, which also never went through due to diplomatic reasons. With Felix, Halder again came into conflict with other planners. During the late summer of 1940, Hitler began to make it clear to his generals that he intended to betray the Soviet union and invade them by the spring of 1941. Halder, known for being corraltive, uninspired and somewhat of a hindrance, was sidelined by Hitler to pure Operatoin command planning over the strategic command. This was a massive mistake as Operatoin command was key to the actual Operatoin and having Halder as the head of planning the Operatoin would make the Operatoinal command in the hands of Halder. Starting in the fall of that year, Halder already began to blunder in his planning. He failed to alert commanders of the upcoming campaing, allow collaboration, restricted independent command (like Rommel and Guderian in the west in 1940) that could bring so much success, did not object to hitlers plans no matter how ludicrous they were, failed to let commanders now about the weather and terrain, did not factor in the obviously harsh russian summers and winters, the logistical problems of russian roads, the challenges swamps and forests would pose, the toll disease would cause,the toll the horses would suffer over the distances and failed to add the mass soviet manpower and industrial reserves into planning the Operatoin. As time went on Halder made more and more planning errors that would all come back to harm the eventual camping. During this time Halder was also involved with the planning for the upcoming campaign in the Balkans, although he did not spearhead this endevour being most focused on the Russian campaign. Another thing Halder was responsible for were execution orders such as the commisar order. Another issue with Halders plan was the unrealistic prioritizatoin of Moscow, to an impractical sense over the important resource centres in the south and the disunificatoin of command to the detriment of the army groups (all three were completly dissunifed). When Operatoin Barbarrossa started, Halder continued to mess up the three commands logistics and the way the offensive was conducted. Poor logistics plagued the campaign mainly due to Halders plan, Army group north had trouble staying on objective do to the sh*ttyness of the plan, army group centre the main atack force kept having units diverted to the south (an actually good idea, but it was to the detriment of Halders rigid plan). The big victories that were expected easter of the Berzina and DNiper never came, this never came to be because the plan couldnt work in real life because it wasnt applicable to the soviet union and Halder falsely predicted soviet movements. So in the fall he created a new operation for the sole objective of taking Moscow. This Operatoin -- Typhoon was again planned by Halder was another failure as he planned a blitzkrieg were a blitzkreig wasnt applieble, dooming the plan to fail. While some encirclements occurred at Vyzma-Bryansk, Operation Typhoon outright failed at its objectives of clearing soviet forces from the approaces to moscow. When the exhausted forces were finally at Moscow, Halders initail incompetence in planning logistics and weather finally came to a head as the soviets won around Moscow. And the failure of Operatoin Barbarrosa wasnt just around Moscow, as the exhausted an undersupplied men of Army group south had to fall back from Rostov and Army group North never took Leningrad with the Wermacht suffering 1,000,000 men dead. The faliure of the 1941 war in Russia rested upon many different German generals and Hitler, but none more than Franz Halder. Around the same time in 1941, Halder was also messing up the North Africa theatre. Do to a personal hatred of Erwin Rommel, Halder intentionally sabotaged the theartes command structure and supplies, leading to Rommels defeat in Operatoin Crusader. Just so we are clear, Halder wasnt sabotaging Rommel to try to help the allies or out of a moral conviction against Natoinal Socailsim, but soley out of the hatred of a single commander, to which he would intentionally defeat his own armies out of selfishness. In early 1942, what was supposed to be a short campaign had turned into a death pit for the germans. The soviets began to retake ground around Moscow with German units on the front at breaking point. A bloody battle began at Rzhev that would continue to waste German soldiers in a pointless battle. The German high command needed a new plan to win, and it was decided to gain te vital Oil fields of the caucuses in an Operatoin called Fall Blau. Halder repeatedly failed the strategy to have the armies gain there objectives, causing Bock the get bogged down at Voronezh and then focusing the operation on Stalingrad instead of the Oil fields of the Caucases. Halder also failed to reenforce Army Group B in Stalingrad and the coming disaster was partially his falt. Halder was soon dismissed from Command and never held it again. . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i Edouard von Böhm- Ermoli During WWII During the WWI We start our Journey into Hitlers generals with the octogenarian field marshall Edourd von Bohm-Ermoli. Born in Ancona Italy to an Austrian army officer, Georg von Bohm and his wife Maria Josepha Ermoli, of Noble descent. Baby Edouard and his father had the Ermoli name added to Bohm to make their family hereditary nobility. Growing up in Troppau, modern day Oppava, Bohm-Ermoli decided to become an army man like his father and went to the Austo-Hungarian cadet school at St Polten and then the military academy at Wiener Neustadt. On September 1st 1875, Bohm Ermoli was commissioned as an officer in the dragoons. Over the next 40 years Bohm-Ermolii would rise through the ranks of the Austian army reaching the rank of General of the Cavalry on May 1st 1912, commanding the army corps in Krakow. It seemed like Bohm-Ermoli would live his life as a high ranking peacetime officer, a footnote of a footnote in the history of the Austro-Hungarian empire, yet as the clock turned the first world war broke out and Bohm-Ermoli was given command of the second army. The second army originally was to fight on the serbian front, but was redirected to the Eastern front. Fighting in Galicia against the Russians, Bohm-Ermoli’s army had mixed results do the terrain of galicia. Most attacks on Russin forces were driven off, but so were most counter attacks. Bohm-Ermoli saw his greatest success when the entrapped Great Russian fortress city of Prezmysl surrendered to elements of the second army, it was not informed do to the terrain immediately and a bungled offensive took place. Despite the failure of the offensive, leading to the second army being mauled, Bohm Ermolis skillful commanding did lead to the fall of Przemysl. The second army continued to hold its position despite the desperate situation, horrible logistics, climate and terrain through 1915 and 1916, being promoted to Oberst General in January 1916 and having his second army merged with the German army group south into Army group Bohm-Ermoli.The german army group south went deep into Russian poland through this time, awarding him the Pour Le Merite by the germans. During the summer of 1917, the new Russian government launched the Kerensky offensive against the 2nd army among other Austro-Hungarian armies. In this offensive, the 2nd army was mauled and began to retreat, was defeated at Zolochiv, but managed to stabilize the line and not suffer any further defeats until November. In November the Kerensky government collapsed and the 2nd army advanced deep into Ukraine, reaching Odessa. For his achievements at the front he gained his Austrian Field Marshals baton in January 1918. His army group was then dissolved and merged with several others into the eastern occupation force under Alfred Krauss, though he remained in Odessa. As Austria-Hungary collapsed Bohm-Ermoli successfully evacuated his mutyning men out of Odessa in the mess of what was the former Austro-Hungarian nation. In the mess after the collapse originally had Bohm-Ermoli living in Troppau a citizen of the German-Austrian republic holding Bohm-Ermoli as an army commander in limbo with no rank, minus the old hapsburg one of Field marshal. However, the treaty of Saint-Germain-en-laye made Troppau part of the new Czechoslovakia under the new name of Opava. Bohm Ermoli retained as an army officer under the rank of Reserve General first class and gave the old man a pension. However, this made Bohm-Ermolis prestigious rank of Field Marshall worthless as the Austrian ranks no longer existed making his batton a souvenir of the past. In 1928 he was made army general although never brought to active command. After the sudeten crisis and Munich agreement, Bohm-Ermoli was made a German citizen and retained by Hitler as an army officer. On October 31st, 1940, Hitler awarded the old man his german field marshal's baton, finally restoring Bohm-Ermoli to his proper rank. The promotion was honorary as a restoration of his former rank, although he was given command of the 28th Infantry regiment in Opava now Troppau again. For the rest of his life Bohm-Ermoli spent his time doing small administrative tasks for the local unit and occasionally inspecting troops, but just bieng an old man for the most part. On December 9th, 1941 the 85 year old Field Marshall breathed his last. His funeral was noted by a parade through Troppau and then a Nazi state funeral in Vienna with full honours, although his body was moved back to the Troppau cemetary. Bohm-Ermoli is only so low on this list do to his overall irrelevance in the Second world war. That said his record as an actice commander is mixed -- his performance in Prezymsl, army group south and the oddesa evacuatoin were all decent to first class performances, yet he was not a spectacular commander and compared to others on this list he was mediocre at best. In honesty the lack of his participation in the war almost disqualifies him from this list. I could imagine if this was solely for Great war commanders, Bohm-Ermoli would be much higher. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Anonymous
>>62012136

For the record I will move Paulus higher for his strategy and will make the writting better

Anonymous
>>62012136

And I will also add a lot more about Halder and stalingrad including well the traffic Jam (not going to spoil)