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Hiawatha wanted peace for his nation, but a powerful war chief stood in his way. He needed allies.



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Your regularly scheduled Gracchi Brothers series on Extra History will continue as normal this Saturday!

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Hiawatha - I: The Great Law of Peace - Extra History

*Sponsored* by DomiNations! Check it out here: http://smarturl.it/DOMHistory Hiawatha wanted peace, but a more powerful chief named Tadodaho opposed him. So he joined forces with a man called the Peacemaker and a woman named Jigonsaseh, who dreamed of uniting the five Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) nations under one Great Law of Peace. (--More below) CORRECTION: Art for this series was incorrectly credited. This art was done by Lilienne Chan. Support us on Patreon! http://bit.ly/EHPatreon Grab your Extra Credits gear at the store! http://bit.ly/ExtraStore Subscribe for new episodes every Saturday! http://bit.ly/SubToEC Learn about Odenathus, the Middle Eastern leader who saved Rome to protect his people: http://bit.ly/2bk1qPr Play games with us on Extra Play! http://bit.ly/WatchEXP Talk to us on Twitter (@ExtraCreditz): http://bit.ly/ECTweet Follow us on Facebook: http://bit.ly/ECFBPage Get our list of recommended games on Steam: http://bit.ly/ECCurator ____________ Long before Europeans arrived in North America, five nations formed a confederacy guided by a Constitution called the Great Law of Peace. Though they are often called Iroquois, their name for themselves is Haudenosaunee, People of the Long House. One of the founders of their confederacy was Hiawatha, an Onondaga chief who lived under the thumb of a brutal war chief named Tadodaho. Hiawatha attempted to convince all the other Onondaga that they should embrace peace, the way their neighbors the Mohawks recently had, but Tadodaho thwarted his efforts. Hiawatha left his home to travel to Mohawk territory and meet a man called the Peacemaker, who had brought peace to the Mohawk. He gave the Peacemaker a string of wampum beads to symbolize his desire for peace, and it soon became clear that they were kindred spirits. The Peacemaker wanted to bring the Five Nations, who had once been brothers, together in peace, and he joined forces with Hiawatha to make it happen. Their first goal: to recrut Jigonsaseh, a Seneca woman already famed for her efforts to establish small, local peace agreements between the warriors who frequented her long house. The Peacemaker described to her his plans for a government where women like her, as clan mothers, played an important role, and she embraced his message. Together they traveled to the Oneida to recruit their first ally. The Oneida debated the wisdom of accepting peace for a full year, but the Peacemaker's passion convinced them and at last they joined. Hiawatha hoped that this alliance would impress Tadodaho enough to get him to join the peace as well, but when they returned to Onondaga territory, Tadodaho made it clear that he still had no interest in their peace. The Peacemaker encouraged Hiawatha to keep thinking about this problem, and meanwhile they traveled to recruit the Cayuga nation. As "little brothers" of the Onondaga, they had suffered greatly from Tadodaho's demands, and an alliance with two other nations struck them as the perfect way to free themselves from him and create a new path for their people. Now only two tribes remained to recruit: the Seneca and the Onondaga. ____________ ♪ Get the intro music here! http://bit.ly/1EQA5N7 *Music by Demetori: http://bit.ly/1AaJG4H ♪ Get the outro music here! http://bit.ly/23isQfx *Music by Sean and Dean Kiner: http://bit.ly/1WdBhnm

Comments

Anonymous

I am only a few minutes into the episode, and already I notice. The arrows. Arrows flying against each other mean war, arrows flying after each other mean peace/alliance? What is the thing with the arrow symbolism, how impotent was arrows as symbols for these people?

ExtraCredits

I tried but failed to track the original symbolism of the arrows; I couldn't find any good books, and online, I kept running up against websites that simply said these are "Native American" symbols, as though all First Nations shared the same symbolism. Since I often found them referenced in connection with the bundle of five arrows that symbolized the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, though, I decided to trust the one source I found which suggested that these arrows have become a generally accepted symbol of peace or war among the First Nations today. I wish I could have found better sources, though. :P Anyway, the arrows flying against each other do indeed mean war, but the symbolism of the peace arrows is actually that the arrow is broken: it cannot fly anymore, hence, no war.

Irall

You know, as a French-Canadien.....I feel like a dick for taking lands from these guys during the colonisation....

Anonymous

Thank you guys so much for posting this! I love learning about the histories and cultures of the First Nations, so this is incredibly interesting to me! Plus, I especially love seeing less well known aspects of history covered on Extra Credits. I love how you emphasized how the Great Law of Peace had an influence on the US Constitution and how it, and the Haudenosaunee, are still around today.

ExtraCredits

Canada I'm afraid has a lot to answer for regarding the treatment of indigenous peoples in general, and the Haudenosaunee in particular. So does the US. I think it's important to remember, though, that this is not settled, bygone history: the Haudenosaunee survived, they have vibrant communities, and they continue to advocate for themselves to this day. It's not too late for us to listen to them and become the allies that we've so long claimed we are.

ExtraCredits

I very much wanted both of those points to come across, so I'm very glad they did! These days you can find full written versions of the Great Law of Peace online and I think it'd be valuable for more people to study. Since researching this piece, I have been thinking a lot about a quote from one of the League council members (I think it was the previous Tadodaho, but I'm not entirely certain) about the US Bill of Rights. He said that if the Haudenosaunee had written a Bill of Rights, they would have also written a Bill of Responsibilities to go with it. I wish the Founding Fathers had.

Jason Youngberg

I know I said this before, but I really like how Extra History goes into those areas not usually covered in USA schools. It's why I don't vote for what comes next, I'll be happy regardless of what it is.

Anonymous

Jigonsaseh's story actually seems a lot like Mary Seacole. Both care of men no matter who's side of the conflict they were on nor if they could pay. Reincarnation confirmed?

Anonymous

when you say Saturday for new Garcchi bro do you mean Friday for us patrons who give 5 are more.

Anonymous

Excellent timing with this episode. Right now, there's a serious struggle going on in the Dakotas over an oil pipeline that's being built over native land, against the objections of the people living there. If there was ever a time in recent years that the first nations needed visibility, it's now.

ExtraCredits

I've been following that. Obviously we started this series a long time ago, well before that protest coalesced, so I can't claim intentional timing. If coincidental timing helps in any way, though? Fantastic.

ExtraCredits

Hmm. I do see the similarities, though I hope the fact that I've written both series doesn't mean I'm subconsciously writing them the same way. I do think their personalities were very different: Mary always struck me as "I'm gonna be me, and screw your limitations" sort of person, while Jigonsaseh seems more inclined to grab the rules directly and pull them with her until they reach a state that she approved of. But she is gonna put a war chief in his place next episode, which I know Mary would have enjoyed.

ExtraCredits

We try to have a good mix of school content (so students and teachers can use these) and less-traveled content (so people can discover new history). Always happy when it works!

Anonymous

For me this is very interesting. I know very little about native American culture, and Hiawatha is such a huge figure that I have heard the name before, but never knew who he was or what he did. Thanks much for agreeing to do this series for DomiNations. I'm sure it helps them, but it helps me along the way, so... Big Kitty Smiles!! (and never trust a smiling kat...)

Anonymous

Oh my gosh this is so cool! I'm glad that the partnership worked out--this is fascinating!

Anonymous

Most of my info on Hiawatha and Onondaga is from Civilization 6, so for me this is like full circle Extra Credits game learning to Extra History history learning. :)

Anonymous

If you're creating another series in addition to the brothers Gracchi, how come you don't have a unique theme for it instead of the same generic music you've been playing after your oneshots?

Robert Griffith

So awesome to see history from a continent you haven't covered yet, and more to the point, an important subject that is too often ignored! Thanks, EC!