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More About Acorn Woodpeckers

Have you ever wondered why woodpeckers pound so incessantly?

In the case of acorn woodpeckers -- gregarious black-and-red birds in California’s oak forests -- they’re building an intricate pantry, a massive, well-organized stockpile of thousands of acorns to carry them through the winter.

Over generations, acorn woodpeckers can drill thousands of small holes into one or several trees close to each other, giving these so-called granaries the appearance of Swiss cheese.

Acorn woodpeckers’ ability to reproduce in the spring depends on an abundant acorn crop the previous year. But oaks are finicky trees.

“Some years there are acorns all over the place,” says biologist Walter Koenig, of the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, who has studied acorn woodpeckers for decades at the University of California’s Hastings Natural History Reservation in Carmel Valley. “And other years there aren’t any acorns at all.” This is why acorn woodpeckers live where there are several species of oaks, he said, which increases the chances that they’ll have access to acorns.

Keeping a granary stocked takes a lot of work. So acorn woodpeckers live in family groups: four or five of them in something like a commune, with several males that are related to each other mating with several females that are related to each other but not to the males.

Young woodpeckers who aren’t yet old enough to mate help take care of the chicks when they’re born in the summer.

When a member of the group dies, young woodpeckers from other groups audition to join the group, in hopes of being able to start mating. These power struggles are loud and can last days.


“You get birds chasing each other, yelling and screaming at each other, grappling,” said Koenig. “They’re incredibly exciting.”

When one of the birds wants to eat an acorn, it sometimes pecks it open right in the hole where it’s stored. Or it might carry the acorn to a nearby tree and wedge it in a nook before cracking it open by pounding on it.

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You'd Never Guess What an Acorn Woodpecker Eats | Deep Look

OK. Maybe you would. But the lengths they have to go to to stock up for the winter *will* surprise you. When you see how carefully they arrange each acorn, you might just need to reorganize your pantry. Join Deep Look on Patreon NOW! https://www.patreon.com/deeplook You can learn more about CuriosityStream at https://curiositystream.com/deeplook . SUBSCRIBE to Deep Look! http://goo.gl/8NwXqt DEEP LOOK is a ultra-HD (4K) short video series created by KQED San Francisco and presented by PBS Digital Studios. See the unseen at the very edge of our visible world. Get a new perspective on our place in the universe and meet extraordinary new friends. Explore big scientific mysteries by going incredibly small. * NEW VIDEOS EVERY OTHER TUESDAY! * Have you ever wondered why woodpeckers pound so incessantly? In the case of acorn woodpeckers – gregarious black and red birds in California’s oak forests – they’re building an intricate pantry, a massive, well-organized stockpile of thousands of acorns to carry them through the winter. “They’re the only animals that I know of that store their acorns individually in holes in trees,” said biologist Walter Koenig, of the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, who has studied acorn woodpeckers for decades at the University of California’s Hastings Natural History Reservation in Carmel Valley. Over generations, acorn woodpeckers can drill thousands of small holes into one or several trees close to each other, giving these so-called granaries the appearance of Swiss cheese. This sets them apart from other birds that drop acorns into already-existing cavities in trees, and animals like squirrels and jays that bury acorns in the ground. In spring and summer, hikers in California commonly see acorn woodpeckers while the birds feed their chicks and care for their granaries. They don’t mind people staring at them and they’re easy to find. They greet each other with loud cries that sound like “waka-waka-waka.” They’re also found in Oregon, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas, and all the way south to Colombia. These avian performers are constantly tapping, drilling and pounding at their granaries. “They’ll usually have a central granary, maybe two trees that a group is using,” said Koenig. “Those trees are going to be close together.” Acorn woodpeckers make their granaries in pines, oaks, sycamores, redwoods and even in the palm trees on the Stanford University campus. Their holes rarely hurt the trees. The birds only bore into the bark, where there’s no sap, or they make their granaries in snags. “They don’t want sap in the hole because it will cause the acorn to rot,” said Koenig. “The point of storing the acorns is that it protects them from other animals getting them and it allows them to dry out.” --- What is an acorn? It’s the fruit of the oak. --- Do acorn woodpeckers only eat acorns? In the spring, acorn woodpeckers have their choice of food. They catch insects, eat oak flowers and suck the sap out of shallow holes on trees like coast live oaks. ---+ Read the entire article on KQED Science: https://www.kqed.org/science/1925251/youd-never-guess-what-an-acorn-woodpecker-eats ---+ For more information: Cornell Lab of Ornithology: https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Acorn_Woodpecker/overview ---+ More Great Deep Look episodes: What Gall! The Crazy Cribs of Parasitic Wasps https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lOgP5NzcTuA How Ticks Dig in With a Mouth Full of Hooks https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_IoOJu2_FKE Why is the Hungry Caterpillar So Dang Hungry? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=el_lPd2oFV4 ---+ See some great videos and documentaries from PBS Digital Studios! Eons: Why Triassic Animals Were Just the Weirdest https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moxu_uTemNg Physics Girl: Why this skateboarding trick should be IMPOSSIBLE ft. Rodney Mullen https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yFRPhi0jhGc ---+ Follow KQED Science and Deep Look: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/kqedscience/ Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/kqedscience KQED Science on kqed.org: http://www.kqed.org/science Facebook Watch: https://www.facebook.com/DeepLookPBS/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/deeplook ---+ About KQED KQED, an NPR and PBS affiliate in San Francisco, CA, serves Northern California and beyond with a public-supported alternative to commercial TV, radio and web media. Funding for Deep Look is provided in part by PBS Digital Studios. Deep Look is a project of KQED Science, which is supported by the Templeton Religion Trust and the Templeton World Charity Foundation, the S. D. Bechtel, Jr. Foundation, the Dirk and Charlene Kabcenell Foundation, the Vadasz Family Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Fuhs Family Foundation Fund and the members of KQED.

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