Lore 243: Surprise (ad-free) (Patreon)

The court of public opinion has always been a place where lives can be boosted or ruined. But centuries ago, it could also lead to darker results—even death.

Written and produced by Aaron Mahnke, with research by Allie Steed and music by Chad Lawson.

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Further Reading:

1. “How the ‘Blood Feud’ Between Coke and Pepsi Escalated During the 1980s Cola Wars,” History.com, June 2019, https://www.history.com/news/cola-wars-pepsi-new-coke-failure
2. Bengt Ankarloo and Gustav Henningsen, Early Modern European Witchcraft: Centers and Peripheries, (Oxford: Clarendon, 1993).
3. Georgina Dopico Perfect Wives, Other Women: Adultery and Inquisition in Early Modern Spain, (Durham: Duke UP, 2001).
4. Alonso De Salazar Frias, The Salazar Documents: Inquisitor Alonso De Salazar Frias and Others on the Basque Witch Persecution. Ed. Gustav Henningsen, (Boston: Brill, 2004).
5. Henningsen, Gustav. "The Greatest Witch-Trial of All: Navarre, 1609-1614." History  Today Nov. 1980.
6. Gustav Henningsen, The Witches' Advocate: Basque Witchcraft and the Spanish Inquisition, 1609-1614, (Reno: U of Nevada, 1980).
7. Gunnar W. Knutsen, Servants of Satan and Masters of Demons: The Spanish Inquisition's Trials for Superstition, Valencia and Barcelona, 1478-1700, (Turnhout: Brepols, 2009).
8. Brian P. Levack, The Witchcraft Sourcebook, (London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2004).
9. Brian P. Levack, The Witch-hunt in Early Modern Europe, (Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2016).
10. Derek W. Lomax, The Reconquest of Spain, (London: Longman, 1978).
11. Maria Rosa Menocal, The Ornament of the World: How Muslims, Jews, and Christians Created a Culture of Tolerance in Medieval Spain, (Boston: Little, Brown, 2002).
12. William D. Phillips and Carla Rahn Phillips, A Concise History of Spain, (Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge UP, 2016).
13. Maria Tausiet and Susannah Howe, Urban Magic in Early Modern Spain: Abracadabra Omnipotens, (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.)
14. Paddy Woodworth, The Basque Country: A Cultural History, (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2007).
15. Gary K. Waite,  Heresy, Magic, and Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe, (Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003).
16. Henningsen, Gustav. “The Witches’ Flying and the Spanish Inquisitors, or How to Explain (Away) the Impossible [1].” Folklore, vol. 120, no. 1, 2009, pp. 57–74.
17. “Visit the Site of the Biggest Witch Trial in History,” Smithsonian Magazine, September 14, 2016, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/visit-site-biggest-witch-trial-history-180959946/
18. “Why Europe’s wars of religion put 40,000 ‘witches’ to a terrible death,” The Guardian, January 6, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/jan/07/witchcraft-economics-reformation-catholic-protestant-market-share
19. Matthew Beresford, The White Devil: The Werewolf in European Culture, (Reaktion Books 2013).
20. “Before America Had Witch Trials, Europe Had Werewolf Trials,” History.com, October 15, 2021, https://www.history.com/news/werewolf-trials-europe-witches