87: If I were an irrealis episode (Patreon)

Language lets us talk about things that aren’t, strictly speaking, entirely real. Sometimes that’s an imaginative object (is a toy sword a real sword? how about Excalibur?). Other times, it’s a hypothetical situation (such as “if it rains, we’ll cancel the picnic” - but neither the picnic nor the rain have happened yet. And they might never happen. But also they might!). Languages have lots of different ways of talking about different kinds of speculative events, and together they’re called the irrealis.

In this episode, your hosts Gretchen McCulloch and Lauren Gawne get enthusiastic about some of our favourite examples under the irrealis umbrella. We talk about various things that we can mean by “reality”, such as how existing fictional concepts, like goblins playing McBeth, differ from newly-constructed fictions, like our new creature the Frenumblinger. We also talk about hypothetical statements using “if” (including the delightfully-named “biscuit conditionals), and using the "if I were a rich man” (Fiddler on the Roof) to “if I was a rich girl” (Gwen Stefani) continuum to track the evolution of the English subjunctive. Finally, a few of our favourite additional types of irrealis categories: the hortative, used to urge or exhort (let’s go!), the optative, to express wishes and hopes (if only…), the dubitative, for when you doubt something, and the desiderative (I wish…).

Click here for the transcript and links to things mentioned in this episode.