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In the sentence “the horse has eaten an apple”, what is the word “has” doing? It’s not expressing ownership of something, like in “the horse has an apple”. (After all, the horse could have very sneakily eaten the apple.) Rather, it’s helping out the main verb, eat. Many languages use some of their verbs to help other verbs express grammatical information, and the technical name for these helping verbs is auxiliary verbs.

In this episode, your hosts Lauren Gawne and Gretchen McCulloch get enthusiastic about auxiliaries! We talk about what we can learn about auxiliaries across 2000+ languages using a new linguistic mapping website called GramBank, why auxiliaries get pronounced subtly differently from the words they’re derived from, and how “be” and “have” are the major players of the auxiliary world (but there are other options too, like “do”, “let”, and “go”). We also put a whole bunch of farm animals in our example sentences this episode just so we have an excuse to make a very good wordplay at the end of the episode.

Read the transcript here.

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Files

81: The verbs had been being helped by auxiliaries by Lingthusiasm

In the sentence "the horse has eaten an apple", what is the word "has" doing? It's not expressing ownership of something, like in "the horse has an apple". (After all, the horse could have very sneakily eaten the apple.) Rather, it's helping out the main verb, eat.

Comments

Axel Herrera

I’d definitely be interested in a “have” episode, particularly on how it becomes grammaticalized, i.e. how we go from “I have a letter to write” to “I have to write a letter” and “I have the clothes washed” to “I have washed the clothes”.

Anonymous

Hi, the link to ask questions doesn’t seem to work? Thanks!

Anonymous

Apologies, there was an extra http in the hyperlink that was breaking it - thanks for letting us know! It's fixed now and should work for all your question asking!