Equipment of a Ming soldier — Xian Mei (銜枚) (Patreon)

Xian Mei (銜枚, lit. 'Bit stick') or simply Mei (枚) is a simple wooden or bamboo stick used as a gag for soldiers, both to prevent unnecessary chattering while the army was on the move, as well as an aid for observing noise discipline during special military operation such as night raid and ambush. Such device has a very long history of military use in ancient China—records of soldiers conducting night raids with Xian Mei between their teeth can be found in some of the earliest Chinese texts such as Rites of Zhou and Records of the Grand Historians.

Ming Dynasty iteration of Xian Mei, largely finalised by famous commander Qi Ji Guang (戚繼光), is a 4 cun (12.8 cm/5 in) long and 5 fen (16 mm/0.6 in) wide bamboo stick that comes with a lanyard to be worn around the neck or hung from the side of a helmet when not in use. Qi Ji Guang also specifically preferred semi-cylindrical slip over a round rod so as to have a writable surface, as he intended Xian Mei to double as identification tag for his soldiers.