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You might not think there's much you could say about words like "I," "we," and "you," but in fact some of the greatest dialectal variation in the Scandinavian languages is in exactly these words. That was already true in the Old Norse period, so in this video, in addition to giving you the runes for the more archaic forms, I also delve a little ways into the differences between earlier and later Old Norse, and between western and eastern areas. 

If that kind of thing interests you, I have some older videos with a little more information. This one covers some of the major differences between what we call "archaic" or Viking-Age Old Norse and the "Classical" Old Norse of the sagas and eddic manuscripts. And this one talks about how the modern Scandinavian languages came to be the way they are, vis-a-vis Old Norse and vis-a-vis each other.

I hope you're all doing well, and as always, I'm profoundly thankful for the generosity of your continued support.

All the best for now,

Jackson Crawford

Files

Patreon Vocabulary 25: From Old Norse Lesson 3

Comments

Anonymous

I'm curious as to wether/how possesive pronouns are inflected. In Danish we inflect for instance YOUR according to gender when the object is singular: diT hus (your house) / diN bil (your car). When there is more than one object we don't inflect according to gender, only to there being more than one object regardless of gender(s): diNE huse (your houses) / diNE biler (your cars) /diNE huse og biler (your houses and cars). How does this work in Old Norse?

norsebysw

In a nutshell, hans/hennar/þeira don't inflect. Várr/yðvarr/okkarr/ykkarr do, more or less normally (as covered in the adjectives video). Minn/þinn/sinn inflect mostly as normal adjectives but have R-assimilation (as covered in video 7.5) plus a couple of their own peculiarities, which we'll get to shortly in another video. But you'd find the broad strokes very similar to Danish: þinn maðr / þín kona / þitt hús / þínir menn / þínar konur / þín hús for example. You can also find more information in the old reference video: https://youtu.be/bYZ_DEfHOY4 or in Faulkes & Barnes' New Introduction to Old Norse (http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/NION-1.pdf)

Anonymous

Thanks for the clarification. I'm trying to construct a specific sentence. I'm almost there now. This is real fun. Looking forward to that new video you mentioned.

Anonymous

So, where did "ham" come from in bokmål (and i guess danish)? Some norwegians have surprisingly strong feelings about accusative ham vs han, i guess i was expecting ON to use the more complicated option.

norsebysw

I'm pretty sure it's a worn-down form of the old dative, honum (hanum in Old Danish, where U-mutation didn't happen if the U didn't drop). There are Norwegian dialects where you hear 'honom' or 'hono' too, of course (like in traditional dialects of Hallingdal), but that goes back to the Old West Norse form with U-mutation, unlike the Danish (and Riksmål) written form.