9 Virtues (Runes) (Patreon)

Here is a re-do and improvement on one of the most-requested translations and runic transliterations, the so-called "9 Virtues." I've explained how I came up with the translations for these concepts here; note that Hávamál does not actually include a list of 9 virtues and not all of their names are actually that easy to translate.

I'm redoing it (after posting a different version a year ago) because from looking at runic inscriptions more often during the past year, I've realized two things: 1) the rune ᚬ (áss) is almost never used for a short vowel, which seem to have lost nasality before long vowels, and 2) the two runes ᚱᛦ (reið-ýr) are almost never written in sequence, with ýr merging to reið and the two just written as one reið. The previous version wasn't "wrong" per se, it just didn't reflect the dominant norms during the Viking Age as closely as I thought (keep in mind, also, that there is a ton of variation and mild to serious "errors" in many real historical inscriptions).

I'm going to redo my video about writing Old Norse in Younger Futhark before too long, both to reflect recent realizations and to make use of my newfound ability to add text and images directly to a video.

Anyway, the image attached includes both long-branch (in my own font) and short-branch Younger Futhark, since more and more people have been specifically requesting the latter.