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UPDATE: We made it free because you all said to.

R.L. Stephens with us talking about his recent brush with danger, his critique of Ta-Nehisi Coates, the limits of liberal anti-racism, pessimism, organizing, and why materialism matters.

Here's R.L.'s piece: https://www.viewpointmag.com/2017/05/17/the-birthmark-of-damnation-ta-nehisi-coates-and-the-black-body/

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Comments

Elise

Omg, being poor means being dumb? (Your comment: “If you can’t afford...”) That’s fucked up.

Kaden Lorpe

Just listened to the Shuja Haider episode and was STOKED when I heard you guys were having RL Stephens on

Kevin Beteta

Y'all should have Shuja haider BACK on to talk about the Artificial intelligence and Neo-reaction article he wrote a few months ago. Also loved the RL Stephen article

hamburglar

Which goosebumps did he wrote

jody

very release worthy

C Ozmun

Bullworth!

C Ozmun

*Bul

zzzzzzzzzqzqzqzqz

"Foucault went reactionary" I hate to say it but, trash opinion Amber

Chris Natale

I'm all fired up now. Great show.

gullfire_

At the end of his life he openly supported NeoLiberalism, went from being dismissive of Marxism to outright anti-communist, and for some strange reason became a huge advocate of Ayatollah Khomeini. The same logic that turned all the Trots to NeoCons lead him to support anything that was anti-USSR or anti-Marxist. Seems pretty reactionary to me. Also, Amber is never wrong tbh.

Trim Heckle

please make free... thank you

Kyle Delaney

This is the best shit. Thanks so much.

Nick Thomson

This one is fucking incredible

Nick Thomson

RL kind of makes me think of really high-energy Will

Jeff Fuller

Agreed re: Foucault - in the Iranian case, he explicitly opposed secular Leftist elements, presumably tainted as they were by Enlightenment universalism. But really, "all the trots" ? It's a myth beloved of both more traditional conservatives (i.e. neoconservatism as a leftist deviation) and the most sectarian Stalinists (I remember my reactionary father being deeply impressed by this when he read about it in a John Birch Society publication). All of which is to say that a handful of bourgeois New York intellectuals on the fringes of the Socialist movement becoming neoconservatives does not reflect much about Trotskyism as such.

Anthony

great episode

gullfire_

When I said "all the Trots" I didn't mean to imply that there's a straight line from Trotskyism to NeoConservatism, sorry if it came off that way. I respect a lot of Trotskyism, especially the Johnson-Forest Tendency, that being said it is undeniable that a lot of NeoConservatism does have it's roots in Trotskyism, a combination of being so anti-USSR that they ended up supporting Imperialism and US military intervention in ML states and also an extreme rejection of the New Left that lead to taking literally reactionary positions on identity politics, so once the 60's Left dried up they just naturally flipped sides. Also, Permanent Revolution, when turned on it's head is essentially endless military intervention to preserve "democracy", as opposed to preserving the revolution. A lot of the earliest NeoCon think tanks and intellectual circles were disproportionally populated by former Trots, I don't mean it as a slur, and I think it would be incredibly intellectually dishonest to say this reflects negatively on Trotskyism as a whole, but this is a weird phenomenon that happened in the 70's.

Bean Blackett

please release 🙏 got a lot of people i'd like to put on to this heat

maggie

hell yeah. make this one free

Taha Soulaymane Brich

R.L Stephens has the same if not less knowledge than every black struggle activist but much much more wisdom.

Edwin Rodriguez

Best episode of Chapo. Please make it free for everyone to hear. R.L. should be a regular on Chapo.

Chris B

Only thing I didn't like about this episode is that the guest sounds like a person who is very nervous about public speaking giving a speech. It reminds me of all the times I had to do it which makes me feel uncomfortable. At the same time he addresses that we have to overcome that feeling to make common ground and community with those in our class above other divides so that we can form solidarity. So.. its good?

Nicholas McIntosh

I'd be glad to see more race on Chapo. Two points though: 1. Weird aversion to "bodies" considering Marx was a materialist. 2. I'd like to see some real engagement with Foucault that doesn't act like his entire corpus is the same thing asthe smooth-brained Tumblr hacks that deify him.

Samson

I think the premium episodes should be made public after a while anyway.

gamethatneverends

@Michael - your 2followups sound like a double down on bad opinion. You don't have t defend your bad opinions.

Kait Gilioli

this is one of the best guests y'all have ever had, excellent interview and incredible article!

Alonso ADM

Make it free, please..

eh

The best book on the roots of American racism I've read is J Sakai's Settlers. Even if you don't agree with the thirdworldist reading of the Marxist corpus, the first hundred or so pages on the origins of "whiteness" in the settler colonial class compromise gives a much better grounding in the actual origin of racism than anything else I've read on the subject.

Marian Dennis

Make it free!!! Also, everyone should checkout RL's podcast for Jacobin - Stockton to Malone (#3 Making Sense of a Murder in Chicago was great).

nigel

Please make this free, or at least publish a supercut of RL's best moments.

Cowman

This is a pretty good episode, you should consider releasing it for free. The parts about basic trust in your immediate community is quality stuff. People need to be able to conceive of how to become political, and as it is the social life in America is so alienated that many seem to flounder and look for formalized institutions that they can just sign up for and be told where they fit. In a lot of ways these things just don't exist, and in lieu of that people just post. To say "build relationships dipshit" is so elementary but important for a lot of would be organizers who otherwise feel the pull to just lock themselves in a room and read/post all day.

John

Yeah this should absolutely be a free episode.

shuronic

Agree, considering unlocking this. Yall rightfully let RL speak without really intervening. Very tight. The next episode should be all about how Trump used unintentionally used shitposting to trick the MSM while he withdrew from the Paris accord, proving that many of the journalists covering him are actually dumber than him.

kctoo

Oh my jeez one of the best chapo episodes! Make it free so I can spam my activist friends with it

Alexis Paul

Would like to share this with non-grey wolves! Please make it free!

Djamil Lakhdar-Hamina

I have to admit the free and meaningless employment of bodies is aggravating, and Foucault was much more precise and nuanced in the use of the term . The abusive use of the term today is an attempt by leftist and left academia to pose theory in materialist terms , to seem concrete and materialist. But the aporia of such a unrestricted use of the term, to take humans as nothing but bodies, is that it takes the human individual in abstraction from their personality, and so is mechanical, one-sided materialism . It is obvious that this abstraction -calling humans "bodies" - is one-sided, and cannot explain concrete phenomenon , human behavior since if you gave me a human body without knowledge of their historical context and environment, then I could not infer really anything about their actual behavior, save a few pathetic generalities like "they will seek to exist" and "they will seek food and security". Yet, with Foucault the use of the term "bodies" comes from a discourse on "bio-politics" which can be summarized in the idiom "today power is based on and directed towards the control of bodies". In this sense, power takes humans in their abstraction as bodies, and does not admit human beings to be bodies simpliciter, but the left does not understand this nuance and fobs around in considering people masses of atoms. Maybe the best will say "bodies" are mutable and historically modified.

Fap

michael rapaport called you guys busters

reinhold bieber

Definitely need to make this free. Lots of people (myself included) struggle to figure out how to approach racism from the left, and this is the best interview I've heard on it. Especially glad the Fields sisters came up several times. Barbara Field's most famous essay, which RL and Amber both refer to, should be required reading IMO (<a href="https://newleftreview.org/I/181/barbara-jeanne-fields-slavery-race-and-ideology-in-the-united-states-of-america" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">https://newleftreview.org/I/181/barbara-jeanne-fields-slavery-race-and-ideology-in-the-united-states-of-america</a>). One thing recent critiques of Coates are missing: it's impossible to understand his fixation on the word "bodies" without considering his struggle with the black church. TBH, we give him too much credit if we say he's using Foucault. He cites his atheism constantly in the book. For him, Christianity's idea of a soul departs the body is a powerful opiate that explains away black suffering within the black church (for example on page 91: “And raised conscious, in rejection of a Christian God, I could see no higher purpose in Prince’s death. I believed, and still do, that our bodies are our selves, that my soul is the voltage conducted through neurons and nerves, and that my spirit is my flesh. Prince Jones was a one of one, and they had destroyed his body”). A big question for contemporary anti-racist work is how to deal with the legacy of the black church, Eddie Glaude in Democracy in Black, and Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor in From #BlackLivesMatter to Black Liberation all struggle with it in their own way...often by covering up the role of the black prophetic tradition in the civil rights struggle. Coates' "bodies" are just his own (not particularly compelling) way of dealing with it.

Shea

🙌 🔥 🙌

joe smith

This guy is too nice and didn't drag TNC enough. I was hoping for a few jabs at his 'graphic novel' and relationship with Obama.

globalist shill

lol the amount of cum town jokes in chapo is adorably fannish / seriously it's very often

Hmmmmm..

Release👏🏾 This👏🏾 Heat👏🏾

Dan Monego

Can't believe you guys would go hard on a fellow gamer like Coates, tbh. The blindspot to class kind of comes through, but it's surprising given the amount of attention he gives in his book to the death of his friend at the hands of the PG County police. The bodies thing is annoying to see everywhere, but as a rhetorical weapon against abstracting away issues of race and racism it's ok. Loved that the critique hit at the core conservatism of the book though. His construction of oppression as societal keystone almost takes the shape of an argument for preserving it.

Anthony Harrison

As a former organizer, I thought this episode was really really really great.

19jks94

Bring back Wardell. Yawn

Justin Davis

Good to see Felix keep up the tradition of stealing jokes from cum town.

Jayzell Beasley

This is GREAT, hoping RL Stephens can make an appearance more. Thanks for this episode.

Samuel Roberts

Yeah, I'm doing my best to not be "make it free" for every episode, but this one...this is one to share for sure

C

This is by far one of the best interviews ya'll have ever done. God. Damn.

Adam

I think it's sort of noble to release good content free for the purpose of reaching new people with an important perspective but I'm certain it makes more sense for people who really NEED to share it to just steal it. Probably nobody else feels this way but like if I'm paying for it generally I don't want to see other people get it free.

Adam

Also - couldn't people just READ THE ARTICLE

Adam

"We released the episode free for our retard fans who can't READ THE ARTICLE."

Cole Smith

Yes! Free the words!

Cole Smith

Just so you know, your link accidentally included the parentheses and period.

A

Adam may I introduce you to a man named Karl: "From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs"

m w b

I know it's a kind of pointless quibble, but I really wish y'all would stop saying "retarded" on the cast. Not because it really bothers me personally, but because it makes the list of people I can share these episodes with smaller. And that's a bummer, because I think that this is a super informative episode that a lot of people would find value in, but are now going to turn it off within the first three minutes.

BJams

Have you ever tried reading an article? They fuckin' suck

Adam

If you can't afford a five dollar podcast you probably can't comprehend its content either

Andrew Calder

I would also like to see the R-word eliminated from the show, I love you guys and it's a really hurtful word to hear.

Denis Zhidelev

good episode, never stop saying retarded

Sean

All these retards saying you should stop saying retard make me want to hear you say retard even more.

Dan Oschrin

Using "retarded" really does make it hard to share with people though...which kind of undermines the whole point of the free episode. I really don't think that people would miss you guys calling things retarded.

Jayzell Beasley

Imagine listening to Chapo and simultaneously having this attitude towards people who don't pay for content. Imagine thinking you're somehow better than people cause you pay five dollars a month for a podcast, lmao. "I choose to pay five a month for a podcast, I'm sooooooo much smarter than everyone who doesn't". Yikes.

Steve

You folks should get Coates on, because it's clear you didn't understand a lot of his book. Y'all could learn a lot from him if you actually listened. And read some James Baldwin while you're at it.

iceland

There was a time when the Dry Boys weren't hundred-thousandaires, and no one knew Will was the scion to the Menaker fortune. It's fucked up to steal indie DIY shit. I don't care if they release every premium episode for free, but I support the podcast not because I can't figure out a way to steal it, but because I like supporting people who do cool shit. It helps create a world with more cool shit. It's not fucking hard to figure out. Stealing from walmart is ok— all stealing isnt good just because marx or some dumb shit

Asa

Yeah, agreed that it's not a good look when most of the POCs you have on spend much of the time disparaging and armchair-psychoanalyzing other POCs for mostly white audiences (I am a longtime black listener who has gotten pushback from other leftist black friends and would absolutely not recommend the Shuja episode or the RL one...even though I often agree with RL, man his weird two-dimensional reading of Coates is pretty bizarre)

Asa

This is some weird psychoanalyzing of Coates. Why do you assume his only influence is the black church?

Steve

Agreed, the Shuja episode was cringe worthy as well. Just because obnoxious people clumsily criticize cultural appropriation on the internet, doesn't mean that the concept of cultural appropriation is trash. The whole episode revolved around such a base level understanding of the topic.

Asa

I do not understand--what is "every black struggle activist" missing? That's a pretty broad statement

Asa

Yeah. There's also this laziness to the way black intellectuals are discussed on Chapo--like there are three kinds of black people, the ones who are truly oppressed, the Jacobin translators (RL) and the clueless privileged IDPol kind (which apparently includes me). No grey area. No need to actually read black writers in good faith or in context the way they do other intellectuals. You can just have someone like RL on to bash Coates and make Chapo listeners feel like they now are educated on the black experience and can ignore every black person who isn't (1) in full agreement with them or (2) a target of their organizing. I find the elated response to this episode more disturbing than the episode itself TBH because of the fixation on the Coates part.

ergotpoisoning

Everyone saying Chapo needs to embrace x or talk about y in order to count as a true contemporary Leftist cornerstone are missing the point that Will and others have made clear over and over and over again. They are NOT trying to be a font of all Left information, to represent the diversity of views, or to transform into a progressive news/opinion network. They have never made any pretensions of neutrality. The reason they don't have dissenting voices might just be because they agree with the guests they have on, and they are trying to make an entertaining, comedic hour of radio that talks about the shit they're into and how they want to go about dealing with this weird-ass situation we find ourselves in. You're all pining for another show, which maybe doesn't currently exist. That doesn't mean Chapo should turn into it.

Steve

Amen, Zaynab, you just hit the nail on the fucking head.

Asa

That's true, and I agree--but they and their guests can be wrong when they do try to talk about serious things that matter as leftists. Also some folks who like the ep are also guilty of using Chapo as the only necessary source of info--not just critics. Not Chapo's fault but worth being concerned about and commenting on.

Asa

Not really--I don't have an account but I occasionally read (in part because of Chapo references)

Champagne Sharks

Oh okay, I was one of the POC guests, episode 61, and was interested in talking to you more privately.

Asa

Oh I liked your episode. Sorry for painting a broad brush. I should have written like "half" instead of "most". I do think that caricature of black intellectuals has been a recurring and pretty annoying motif for most Chapo episodes that involve discussions of black writers and black people who disagree with them and many of their listeners about how and why race matters for liberation and organizing for meaningful change (*who are not Adolph Reed* as much as I admire the man, he is invoked as a Jacobin translator even when that might not be exactly his point). I find that especially disturbing as someone who spends a lot of her time thinking about and working with incarcerated people. I am happy to email if there is a way to DM on this platform.

Champagne Sharks

Oh, I wasn't taking offense or being defensive lol! I just agreed with some of your general concerns about black intellectuals and was interested in discussing them more. You can email me at champagnesharks@gmail.com

Phil R

"Probably nobody else feels this way" I sure hope you're right about that. I pay to support the Chapo peeps, not to have exclusive access to certain episodes. Making a small amount of these exclusive episodes free for the non-paying masses should in no way diminish your enjoyment. It's honestly hard to believe you're a fan of the show with that sort of attitude.

Zachary Verbit

I'm also kinda shocked. I didn't read Between the World and Me, but his reparations piece was amazing and I've read just about every article of his since. Also follow him on twitter where he's said on several occasions that you could argue that racism is always motivated by economics. And HOW isnt reparations a material-based solution to racism????

Zachary Verbit

I mean it won't solve racism obviously but it's a damn good place to start. MONEY IN PEOPLES POCKETS, shouldn't we all be advocating for that? The elated response to this is jarring considering Coates probably agrees with the average leftist on like 85-95% of things

joe smith

Yes, the mostly-white Chapo audience versus the all-black Atlantic readership where TNC writes alongside Megan McArdle, David Frum, and a few other skull science people. I actually thought RL wrote an intelligent and instructive piece that was worth being called attention to given that Coates was on at least equal footing as David Brooks with the last President. I would hope that all Chapo listeners are already aware of this country's history and white privilege, but if they are not, perhaps TNC is one of several authors worth reading. As a POC male, I find myself heavily aligned with RL's perspective.

Asa

Yeah, Zachary. I think it's good they opened up the episode because the reparations point was especially strange. I think having a broader non-grey wolf audience might get more people in disagreement to listen? I do think everyone who was on this ep is capable of being more thoughtful on these issues. Wouldn't be commenting otherwise.

Asa

Joe, on a lot of issues I agree with RL. I also think he's wrong on Coates, and I think a lot of listener comments here and on Reddit suggest Chapo listeners are frankly not very aware of racial history and especially the cultural meaning of a lot of the concepts and themes in Coates' work. I'm not blaming them, but they miss fundamental points--like BTWAM is presented as a memoir, not an organizing guide, and it is structured as *a direct descendent* of The Fire Next Time, which RL and the hosts never bring up. That fact is critical to the way Coates writes it. I also think this is part of a broader trend I have observed on a show I generally like and support. I don't think Safety Pin Box was good but I do think Chapo and its listeners sometimes seem to lump a lot of smart good things relating to race in with the Safety Pin Box set as unworthy of careful consideration. Race is an uncomfortable topic and it's a lot easier to be told that the most uncomfortable aspects of a caste society are not useful for organizing. That attitude is what I'm responding to.

Justin Kirkland

This is one of their weaker episodes. Stephens makes lots of great points, but fundamentally misreads Coates. "Between the World and Me" is not an explicitly political book, and to react to it as such really misses the point. It reminds me of the Elderidge Cleaver essay on James Baldwin minus the homophobia. Coates is concerned mostly with the phenomenology of blackness, not race politics. Stephens has a brilliant mind, and all of his political ideas are excellent, I just don't see why he needs to bag on Coates to make his point. My biggest criticism of this episode is the silence of the hosts. Where was everyone? You guys are the Chapos, not Marxist Fresh Air.

exdingbat

That show might very well be This is Hell! (<a href="https://thisishell.com/)," rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">https://thisishell.com/),</a> which does 30-60 minute interviews over the course of a weekly 4 hr show and it's been going on for 21 year! So there's a huge back catalog to dive into if you're into it. The show's interviews are concerned less with current events and are typically focused around a book or essay the interviewee has recently released. The interviews cover a variety of topics and are more informative than opinionated (they are that, too, but it's an interview show).

Guy23

Disclaimer: I like coates a lot. I think a lot of his writing is excellent he's got a great mind and a keen sense of race in America. I also think it's been really easy for liberals and centrists to co opt his message and use his writings to make points that dismiss class analysis or argue that there's almost zero intersection between race and class. I think it's worth exploring why that's the case and if I read R.L's essay that's what he's really driving at. Coates is an excellent writer and R.L.'s criticism recognizes that which is why he wants him to be better.

Doctor Anal (edited)

Comment edits

2023-04-28 15:25:21 If y'all took the time to reconstruct Afro-Pessimist arguments with fidelity, you'd probably recognize that they deserve more respect than any of you give them. "You better understand white peoples' fantasies, because tomorrow they'll be legislation." That's not just a Jared Sexton line-- it's also one of the show's running themes. It makes no sense to me why Chapo approaches cultural criticism with a hardened cynicism, but on race reverts to an aspirational politics they'd probably ridicule if it came from anyone else. Afro-Pessimism doesn't just mean a general lack of hope in the future to address racism. And it's not a singular obsession with race instead of class. The introduction of the concept of libidinal economy is meant to help us understand the limitations of the political economy. None of Afro-Pessimism is meant to degrade any of the political actions taken by Fanny Lou Hamer or Ella Townsend. The concept of the "end of the world" is not about nuking the planet or letting everyone die or anything like that. Wilderson argues that all of modernity was built on the idea that black people aren't human. The structures of power that we all live in don't provide us much of a capacity to revolt against the whole messed up system of modernity. We can reform the system to make it better and stuff, but we should recognize reforming the unacceptable system isn't going to give us the revolution against modernity (end of the world) that's ultimately necessary. Anyway y'all don't have to change because it's clear a lot of your subscriptions come from people who (for whatever reason) are willing to shell out some serious cash to hear people explain to them why class &gt; race. But I'm convinced that continuing to toe this line will hold the show (and its hosts) back from reaching its potential.
2017-06-04 16:21:28 If y'all took the time to reconstruct Afro-Pessimist arguments with fidelity, you'd probably recognize that they deserve more respect than any of you give them. "You better understand white peoples' fantasies, because tomorrow they'll be legislation." That's not just a Jared Sexton line-- it's also one of the show's running themes. It makes no sense to me why Chapo approaches cultural criticism with a hardened cynicism, but on race reverts to an aspirational politics they'd probably ridicule if it came from anyone else. Afro-Pessimism doesn't just mean a general lack of hope in the future to address racism. And it's not a singular obsession with race instead of class. The introduction of the concept of libidinal economy is meant to help us understand the limitations of the political economy. None of Afro-Pessimism is meant to degrade any of the political actions taken by Fanny Lou Hamer or Ella Townsend. The concept of the "end of the world" is not about nuking the planet or letting everyone die or anything like that. Wilderson argues that all of modernity was built on the idea that black people aren't human. The structures of power that we all live in don't provide us much of a capacity to revolt against the whole messed up system of modernity. We can reform the system to make it better and stuff, but we should recognize reforming the unacceptable system isn't going to give us the revolution against modernity (end of the world) that's ultimately necessary. Anyway y'all don't have to change because it's clear a lot of your subscriptions come from people who (for whatever reason) are willing to shell out some serious cash to hear people explain to them why class > race. But I'm convinced that continuing to toe this line will hold the show (and its hosts) back from reaching its potential.

If y'all took the time to reconstruct Afro-Pessimist arguments with fidelity, you'd probably recognize that they deserve more respect than any of you give them. "You better understand white peoples' fantasies, because tomorrow they'll be legislation." That's not just a Jared Sexton line-- it's also one of the show's running themes. It makes no sense to me why Chapo approaches cultural criticism with a hardened cynicism, but on race reverts to an aspirational politics they'd probably ridicule if it came from anyone else. Afro-Pessimism doesn't just mean a general lack of hope in the future to address racism. And it's not a singular obsession with race instead of class. The introduction of the concept of libidinal economy is meant to help us understand the limitations of the political economy. None of Afro-Pessimism is meant to degrade any of the political actions taken by Fanny Lou Hamer or Ella Townsend. The concept of the "end of the world" is not about nuking the planet or letting everyone die or anything like that. Wilderson argues that all of modernity was built on the idea that black people aren't human. The structures of power that we all live in don't provide us much of a capacity to revolt against the whole messed up system of modernity. We can reform the system to make it better and stuff, but we should recognize reforming the unacceptable system isn't going to give us the revolution against modernity (end of the world) that's ultimately necessary. Anyway y'all don't have to change because it's clear a lot of your subscriptions come from people who (for whatever reason) are willing to shell out some serious cash to hear people explain to them why class > race. But I'm convinced that continuing to toe this line will hold the show (and its hosts) back from reaching its potential.

Steve

I would love to see a response to this by chapo

Kevin Beteta

You Motherfucking didn't release a second episode this week you reductionary bastards I'm gonna shit on your cat amber

Kevin Beteta

Class consciousness is virtually impossible while it continues to be obfuscated by race. Poor whites will not see themselves as being of the same class or movement as minorities if they think they're a fundamentally different class of human being

Nick Henderson

I too found it very frustrating how they dismissed the concept of cultural appropriation wholesale without addressing the fact that it is often a matter of systematic material exploitation -- it plays as very arrogant and self-satisfied to me.

Jimothy Realname

I don't remember what was actually on this episode because I'm usually drunk and on drugs but I think it was probably pretty good. Bring back Capone Speakeasy!

BJams

I think Matt did address that in the Shuja episode when he talked about "cultural commodification", although you're right they didn't go into detail about it.

ah

Please bring Adolph Reed Jr on piss off these identitarians even more

John Hess

Class Notes was good but Reed has had some shit takes lately.

maggie

Re-listening, what RL said about organizing towards the end was spot on.. and I wish leftists talked more about organizing in a serious way because it is so important

Dael Morris

Just revisiting the back list and found this excellent discussion. Coates has a singular talent for illuminating the obvious in excruciating and often well-written detail. That's the secret to his attraction for white people - no matter how well rounded his description, you will always start and end on some uncontroversial position you already had, and you will seamlessly have the illusion of having investigated something, without the consequential pain of having to adjust to any new insight. He's a minituarist at best, and - given the extent to people claim he's an autodidact - a black Colin Wilson at worst.

Ron Watkins

Shout out to RL Stephens. I grew up reading Goosebumps.